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This condition is also known as Oral Herpes Simplex. It is caused by Herpes
simplex virus type 1. Sometimes it can also be caused by HSV type 2 but this
often causes Herpes genitalis.
This is an extremely common skin condition characterized by eruption of
small painful blisters on the skin surrounding the mouth, on the lips, or
gums.
On first exposure to the virus, there is no symptom felt. The virus remain
latent in the nerve cells of the face and then later reactivates producing
the painful blisters which are also known as cold sore or fever blister.
At least 2 days before the skin lesions appear there is itching, tingling,
or burning sensation in the affected area. The fluid-filled blisters then
appear on reddish painful skin. The blisters contain clear yellowish fluid.
They may coalesce to form larger blisters. After some time the blisters
break off, form yellowish crust, then resolve after 7 to 10 days.
This condition may recur but symptoms are milder. It may be triggered by sun
exposure, stress, or illness. The affected individual may or may not have
fever.
Herpes labialis is contagious. It can be transmitted by direct contact with
the skin lesion or secondarily through sharing of personal items like towels
or razors. It may also be transmitted to the genital area by oral-to-genital
contact.
The condition may heal after 1 to 2 weeks even without treatment. Cleaning
the area with antiseptic soap together with hot and cold compress may lessen
the pain. Use of antiviral medications may shorten the course of the disease
and alleviates pain.
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